Background: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) plays a great role in periradicular surgery and treatment of complicated endodontic cases. Including perforations the only problemwith MTA is its cost and storage limits. Aim: This research was conducted to evaluate the biocompalialinota material portland cement with a comparison to the original. Materials and Method: Both MTA and P.C were placed in polyethylenetubes prior to an implantation process of them under the skin of 45 rats, (shoulder and Gluteal areas). The rats were devided into three groups of fifteen. Each of which weresacrified in either 3 days, one week or one month intervals. Histopatologic assessments were made for the degree of inflammation, type of inflammation, foreign body reaction and formation of fibrous capsula. Result: Differences of the degree of inflammation was significantbetweenMTA or P.C. and control group this difference was, howere, only seen in one week period. (P<0.5). There were no significant difference in 3 days and a week period in foreignbody reaction and giant cell formation. The difference was however become significant betweenMTA or P.C and control group in one month. Conclusion: Portland cement could be considered as an alternative to the MTA. Future studies and clinical researches are also strangly recomended.

Background and Objective: Dental materials that are used for fixation in deciduous pulpotomy have adverse reactions such as toxicity and carcinogenic and mutaginic effects. Severe efforts are focused on substitution of these materials with safer ones. It has been reported that herbal medicines have useful clinical effects. It has been shown that the SUAB1 and SUAB2 had a lower cytotoxicity than formocresol.To compare the in vivo histocompatibility of SUAB1 and SUAB2 in subcutaneous tissue of rat.Materials and Methods: The study design was descriptive- analytical. Twenty-one rats with an average weight of 350 grams were used. SUAB1 and SUAB2 were separately placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted in the dorsal subdermal tissue. After intervals of one, two, and four weeks, animals were sacrificed. The implant materials with surrounding tissue were removed and collected in 10% buffered formalin solution for histopathologic evaluation. Capsule thickness, inflammation intensity, angiogenesis, necrosis and calcification were studied on paraffin-embedded sections. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5). The Friedman and kruskall-wallis statistical tests were used.Results: Statistically significant difference in capsule thickness, intensity and extent of inflammation, angiogenesis, necrosis and calcification was observed between SUAB1 and SUAB2 groups.Conclusion: Capsule thickness, intensity of inflammation and calcification was higher in SUAB1 group than SUAB2.

Introduction: Suturing is a common procedure during surgeries to fix surgical flaps to improvetissue integration during healing phase. The aim of this study was to make ahistological comparison of gingival tissue reaction in the vicinity of silk and vicrylsuture materials during the initial healing phase in crown lengthening surgeries. Materials& Methods: The present double-blind, randomized clinical trial had a paired design method. Thisstudy was performed on 24 sites in 12 patients with an age range of 20-40 years, needing crown lengthening surgery of maxillary premolars and molars. The subjectshad no systemic problems or gingival inflammation at the surgical sites. The sutureswere placed in the surgical sites 7 days before the crown lengthening procedure. Vicryl and silk sutures were placed on the mesial or distal gingival papilla of eachtooth randomly. All the suture materials used in this study were identical in term ofphysical dimensions (4-0). After 7 days, during crown lengthening surgery, gingivaltissues along with suture materials were harvested for histological examination. Thenthe severity of inflammation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were evaluated intissue specimens using Wilcoxon test (α = 0. 05). Results: The study indicated that vicryl suture material resulted in less infiltration of theinflammatory cells in the gingival tissues compared to silk sutures (p value = 0. 001). Conclusion: Considering the lower infiltration of inflammatory cells in the vicinity of vicrylsuture material, it seems in procedures such as oral surgeries, vicryl suture could bean appropriate alternative for silk material.

Background and Aim: Culture and specific staining (including Zeil-Nelson and fluorescent methods) are standard measures for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Because these methods are time-consuming and, sometimes, due to their low accuracy faster and more accurate methods are necessitated. Methods, which can substitute invasive procedures, when obtaining smear samples and culture is not possible, and in addition to being simple and fast, they have an acceptable diagnostic accuracy.The aim of the present study was to verify the diagnostic value of blood Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method in pulmonary TB.Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 64 proven pulmonary TB cases (according to The National TB Protocol) and 28 subjects who were completely healthy. 4.5ml of blood was derived from each participant and then mixed with 0.5ml EDTA. Finally, DNA extraction and PCR testing using SI 6110 primers was performed for all blood samples.Results: Mean age of the cases and controls was 49.8±18.6 and 48.2±18.5, respectively. 49.2% of the cases and 25% of controls were male. Blood PCR in 23 patients with TB was positive, but none of the controls had a positive PCR (thus, sensitivity of 35.7% and specificity of 100%).Conclusion: With regard to specificity of 100% in PCR method (despite its low sensitivity), in conditions where there is no access to an appropriate specimen, a positive blood PCR can obviate invasive procedures and rapid and definitive diagnosis of the disorder and timely treatment of the patient, his life is saved.

Background and Objective: White MTA, and Portland cement have similar chemical structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory reaction of rabbit bone tissues to implanted white MTA, and Portland cement.Subjects and Methods: In this in vivo study, twenty 1-year old male Iranian rabbits (experiment white Specie), were divided into 5 groups (4 in each group). After preparation of 3 holes (distance 2 cm- depth and diameter 2 mm) in tibia, the allocated groups received an intra-bony implant of the test materials (White MTA, or Portland cement) and the third hole, with no implant, was created to evaluate inflammatory reaction related to surgical trauma. Samples were processed for histological study after 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. Furthermore, blood samples were taken for evaluation of systemic inflammation for ESR test. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests.Results: At similar time points, statistical analysis revealed significant difference between implanted material (white MTA, Portland cement) in the first and second holes with control hole due to bone tissue reaction but pair-wise evaluation between all of implanted material found no significant differences. In different times bone tissue reaction showed significant differences.Conclusions: The finding of this study demonstrated similar tissue compatibility between both implantable materials and improvement of tissue healing occur with similar time profile after material implanting.

Background: The genitourinary system is one of he most common sites of infection in non-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The clinical symptoms and radiologic findings of urinary TB are nonspecific. Current diagnostic tests are of low sensitivity and labor-intensive. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate diagnostic value of urine PCR in genitourinary tuberculosis (GNTB).Methods: This was a descriptive study on 33 patients with confirmed genitourinary TB. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings were collected. For each patient, three consecutive early morning urine specimens were examined by PCR. The diagnostic value of PCR in mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in comparison with standard microbiological methods was assessed.Findings: There were 33 patients with a mean age of 47.27 16.1 years. The most common presenting symptoms were irritative voiding symptoms (51.5%), flanks pain (27.2%), gross hematuria (9%) and suprapubic pain (9%). Laboratory findings in U/A were hematuria (75.8%) and pyuria (60.6%). IVU was abnormal in 61.5% of patients. Most common abnormalities were pyelocalyceal dilation (44%), ureteral stricture and hydroureter (37%) and multiple small calyceal deformities (25%). Of the 33 patients PCR for MTB was positive in 16 cases (48.5%). In patients with abnormal IVU, PCR was positive in 62.5%.Conclusion: A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for diagnosis of GUTB. PCR is recommended for instant diagnosis and screening before further examination, it cannot be the only method in identification of GUTB.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common and asymptomatic disease which is characterized by rapid loss of hair in an area. Etiology of the disease is not fully understood. Several studies declare relationship between AA and celiac disease. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency distribution of celiac autoantibodies in patients with AA comparing to the control group.Methods: This study is a case-control study. 35 subjects entered in each group. Anti-tissue-trans-glutaminase IgA (Anti-tTg IgA) were tested in all subjects. And the result was reported as positive/negative. Finally the frequency distribution of these autoantibodies were compared between two groups.Findings: There was no significant difference between two groups based on gender and sex (P=0.151) and (P=0.621) respectively, via chi-square test analysis. Anti-tTg IgA was positive in one person (2.8%) In the case group. No one was positive in the control group, and therefor there is no significant difference between two groups (P=0.314) based on chi-square test. In the case group the most common form of AA was patchy, and the most common nail involvement was Pitting. 17.1% of patients had positive family history of AA.Conclusion: The study shows the frequency distribution of one of the celiac autoantibodies in patients with alopecia areata is not higher than normal population of the community of Isfahan. Therefore screening other autoantibodies such as Anti-Gliadin IgA and Anti-Gliadin IgG in these patients are recommended.